Fristaden Lab Blog

How to Set Up Vacuum Filtration (Büchner Funnel & Flask)

Step-by-step vacuum filtration setup with a Büchner funnel or fritted glass apparatus: parts, assembly, filter choice, safety and the mistakes that ruin a filtration.

How to Calibrate a pH Meter (2- and 3-Point Calibration)

Step-by-step 2- and 3-point pH meter calibration: which buffers to use, how often to calibrate, and how to fix drifting or failed readings.

How to Use a Separatory Funnel: Liquid-Liquid Extraction Step by Step

A separatory funnel separates two liquids that don't mix, usually a water-based layer and an organic solvent layer, so you can isolate a compound that prefers one of them. It's a core technique in ...